MachPro Mill and Router Setup Manual

Configure Software

Please refer to your motion controller's documentation to:

Calibrate your axes
Establish machine zero
Configure soft limits
Connect and configure I/O

Spindle Calibration

These instructions apply to all VFDs where the spindle is controlled through the MachPro Control Spindle tab

Why calibrate your spindle?

Does your CNC control need it? Mills and Lathes need to be calibrated while routers typically do not. The spindle speed needs to be accurate enough to meet your tooling specifications.

The rated speeds and feeds for your tools and materials should perform as expected.
You should have comparable performance across all your machines when running the same spindle speed.
Accurate spindle calibration enables you to make cleaner and more accurate cuts – improving the quality of your final product.
Scheduled preventative maintenance should include verification of the accuracy of the system, including the spindle speeds.

This documentation focuses on knee mills as a common example and is adaptable to other machines.

Prerequisites

Your spindle needs to be configured according to your motion controller's capabilities for spindles.
The axes need to be calibrated
Machine zero and soft limits need to configured
The I/O, particularly limits, need to be connected and working

Definitions

Machines often have both gears and speed controls.

The control needs to know which physical gear is engaged to control the spindle motor for the correct speed. If you use multiple gears on your machine, there will be gear change buttons on the screen, and you can also

The speed control is a set of variable diameter pulleys that provide a variable speed within each gear. We often set this to the maximum RPM. Then we use the VFD to provide the full speed range within each gear.

Set MaxRPM values for each gear

If you do not have a tachometer

Pull down Configure | Control | Spindle tab

If your machine only has one range (no pulleys or gears), then enter the minimum and maximum RPM for the spindle in the Range 1 row.

If you have multiple gears, enter the rated maximum RPM for each gear into the MaxRPM column for each gear.

If you have a tachometer

Use the steps below to set the MaxRPM:

Set the spindle override knob on the operator control panel to 100%
Temporarily set all MaxRPM values to twice the labeled RPM on the speed control. This is not to destroy your machine. For calibration purposes this forces the VFD to the maximum hertz output - therefore the maximum tool RPM. We use that to calibrate accurate tool RPM for normal production.
Verify that the VFD is sending the maximum Hz to the spindle (see next section)
Run your machine in each gear range with the temporary MaxRPM values you used above. Verify that the VFD is putting out maximum Hz. Record the actual MaxRPM values from the tachometer for each gear range.
Enter the actual MaxRPM values that the tachometer reported in the spindle tab.

If it is not safe to run this spindle at its maximum RPM, please contact MachLabs for assistance with calibration.

Verify that the VFD is sending maximum speed commands to the spindle

You need to know that the VFD is telling the spindle motor to run at full speed. Assuming the motor is configured to run at 60 Hz, then if the VFD is sending 60 Hz, the motor is running at full speed. You just entered the MaxRPM values into the spindle config. Set your machine for one of the gears and run the spindle at the MaxRPM. You can check the VFD output two ways, and both are equally accurate:

With the enclosure door open, check the LED on the VFD. This VFD is running at P44.59% of 60 Hz = 26.754 Hz. The "P" prefix on the number indicates the number is a percentage.

Use the up or down buttons to cycle through the display.
A V1000 will show the frequency with an "F" prefix.
A GA500 will show the frequency with a "-" prefix.

Open a web browser and enter this IP address in the search bar 192.168.208.90. It will open a welcome page for the VFD with two buttons at the bottom. Click the Monitor button and look for the Output Frequency line. This is the same machine running at the same time, and it also reports 44.59% = 26.754 Hz.

Adjust feedback ratios for TSpeed

The formula is MaxRPM / Maximum Motor RPM = feedback ratio

Pull down Configure | Control | Spindle tab

Check the ID plate on the spindle motor for RPM values. In this image we are running at 60 hertz; so we use the second value: 1735

MaxRPM from tachometer / Maximum Motor RPM = feedback ratio

4485 / 1735 = 2.5850144092219020172910662824207

You can paste the the full value into the spindle FeedBack Ratio field for this range, or just 2.58501

Note: the feedback ratio only adjusts the value in the TSpeed field. It does not have any effect on the actual RPM of the spindle. If the spindle speed reported by a tach does not match commanded speed, then go here: Set MaxRPM values for each gear

Operating the spindle

Use M-Codes to operate your spindle during production: M3, M4, and M5 (relevant portion of the G-Code and M-Code Reference)

You can manually control the spindle with the buttons on your operator panel.

Changing Gears

The gear ranges can be changed from the control by using M40-M45 in your G-Code file. These macros can be used to just change ranges or they can be used to automatically change gears on the machine if it has an automatic gear changer. To shift the machine range 0, run M40. M41 is range 1, M42 is range 2, and so on. You will be prompted to change the gear manually. M40 P# can also be used where # is the gear range to use.

Special situations

Overspeed a spindle motor

If you want to command your spindle motor or grinding wheel to go faster than the base frequency, command the spindle to go max RPM and use a tachometer to measure the speed. Then use the following formula to calculate your new Max Output Frequency (Hb105):

Desired Max RPM * Current Max Frequency / Current Max RPM = New Max Frequency

For example, if your Current Max Frequency is 60 and you measure the spindle runs 1030 RPM but you actually want it to go 1515 RPM, calculate your new Max Frequency as follows:

1515 * 60 / 1030=88 Hz.

Make sure to recalibrate your RPM feedback and your spindle speed as shown below.

Set a spindle to always run at maximum RPM

In some cases, a machine was originally configured to run the spindle motor at full speed, and the gears and speed controls are used to bring the RPM down to the required value. A motor running this way will always generate its maximum torque, which is very helpful when using large tools.

Pull down Configure | Control | Spindle tab

Set your MinRPM and MaxRPM for each gear to the same value.
Set your Max Spindle Motor RPM to the rated value listed on the spindle motor plate.

Leave the FeedBack Ratio values alone as they are no longer meaningful.

The spindle section of you screen can now be ignored. You will adjust your spindle speed entirely through the gears and speed control.

The rest of the spindle configuration above is not needed when it is configured to run maximum RPM.

Auxiliary Spindle MaxRPM

If your VFD is enabled as an Auxiliary spindle (under MachPro settings), set the Auxiliary Control Max RPM to the max RPM of the tool or table. Use this value both in the VFD configuration, and in the sub spindle configuration. Also see this section on sub spindle configuration

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Spindle Settings

These are the settings for the most commonly used Spindle features.

Pull down Configure -> Control -> Settings tab
Click the button to flatten the full settings tree, then expand the Spindle section

Gear shifter

Before configuring the gear shifter, you need to configure your gear ranges. Use this portion of the Spindle Calibration document for gear range configuration. Set MaxRPM values for each gear

The default settings will work for a machine with a manual gear shifter.

You may use M-codes to run the gear change cycle during a job. M40 - M45 change ranges from 0 to 5. M40 P# can also be used where # is the gear range to use

Load

Connect your encoder to an analog input and map the Spindle Load Meter Register to that input

Orient

MachPro uses M19 to run the orient sequence.

M19 – Spindle Orient

The two primary ways to use it are in Manual or Automatic mode

For Manual mode, the default configuration will work without any changes

For Automatic mode configure:

Spindle Orient Type Auto
Spindle Orient Style Macro
Spindle Orient Output
Spindle Orient Input

You may change the other parameters according to what your system needs.

Sub Spindle

The minimum settings that need to be configured for the subspindle are:

Sub Spindle Enabled
Sub Spindle CW output
Sub Spindle CCW output
Sub Spindle Max RPM

Use M-codes to control the sub spindle

M013 CW start
M104 CCW start
M105 stop

Lube System Setup

If your system has an oiler edit the lube settings. Pull down Configure -> Control, and select the Settings Tab. Scroll down to the Lube System settings. Enable the lube system, and adjust the settings:

choose an action trigger
set the lube output
set the time run time of the oiler
set the time between cycles

Adjust the values according to your machine's needs. Note that lube pumps vary widely in their output. Start conservatively and increase the values to achieve proper lubrication.

In the example below:

The lube system is enabled
It runs on software timer settings
But only when MachPro is enabled
It does not run a cycle on startup
The lube output is the MachPro software signal mapped to the pump output
There is an option for a pressure sensor feedback input
When the pump runs, it will run for 8 seconds
It will remain off for 5 minutes between lube cycles
This system is not using a PLC for the lube system

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MachLabs Documentation

support@mach-labs.com

MachLabs Terms and Conditions

The MachLabs Team
14518 County Road 7240, Newburg, MO 65550
support@mach-labs.com

Tool Setters and Offsets

Modifying GoTo Positions

If you are setting up the GoTo position for a tool setter, jog the tool to the correct position over the tool setter.

Pull down Configure -> Control -> GoTo Positions tab

Position Setup Instructions

Use the Add or Remove buttons at the bottom to manage positions.
When adding a new position, choose Machine Coordinates or Part Coordinates at the top.
To change an existing position, select it and edit as needed.
Each position builds a movement list in the Data Box. Use Delete to remove a movement.
To add a custom G-code line, write it and click Add to include it in the Goto list.
⚠️ Do not use M Codes here.
This helps move the tool safely before other operations.

Add Movement Instructions

Click Include for each axis you want to move.
Click Get Current Position to copy the current coordinates, or type the coordinates manually.
Click Add/Update to save the movement in the Data Section.

Example: Z-Axis Movement

Define the Z-axis movement to run first.
Click Add/Update to insert this movement into the Data Box.
Add more actions in the next rows.
Optionally, add a final Z Rapid Move to bring the tool close to the setter.

I modified the Tool Setter position. Coordinate lines in the Data box will be in Machine Coordinates. This will be used as the Tool Setter position and can be called using the P2 variable.

Additional Information

For information about MachPro Software Operation please see the MachPro Mill/Router Operating Manual

http://www.mach-labs.com

MachLabs Documentation

support@mach-labs.com

MachLabs Terms and Conditions

The MachLabs Team
14518 County Road 7240, Newburg, MO 65550
support@mach-labs.com